Most chemical agents have some toxicity and risk. To chemical agents to strengthen management, to ensure not only the quality of analysis needs, but also to ensure that people's lives and property safety.
Chemicals management should be based on different characteristics of toxic agents, flammable, corrosive and deliquescent, etc., in different ways properly managed.
In the laboratory should be stored only a small amount of short-term domestic use drugs, flammable reagents should be placed in metal cargo containers, at the top of the cabinet have vents. Total non-laboratory 20L storing flammable liquids in bottles. A large number of reagents should be placed on reagent storage. For general agents, such as salt machines yuan, should be stored in an orderly manner on the reagent cabinet, according to the periodic system of elements class family, or by acids, bases, salts, oxides, etc. and storage. When storing reagents, shelf life should pay attention to chemical agents, some agents in the storage process will gradually deteriorate, and even the formation hazard. Such as ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, alkene, such as liquid paraffin, under visible light conditions, can form peroxides when exposed to air, the longer the more dangerous place. Some have a reducing reagent, such as phloroglucinol, TiCl3, tetrahydro sodium boron, FeS04, vitamin c, vitamin E and metal wire, aluminum, magnesium, zinc and other easily oxidized by oxygen in the air deterioration.
Chemicals must be stored separately classified and can not be mixed together, usually reagents into the following categories, were stored.
(1) Strong corrosion class
Refers to human skin, mucous membranes, eyes, and respiratory tract and other items have a strong corrosive liquids and solids (including vapor>, such as fuming sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid, fuming nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid, chlorosulfonic acid chloride sulfone, monochloroacetic acid, formic acid, acetic anhydride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentoxide, anhydrous aluminum chloride, bromine, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, phenol, anhydrous hydrazine , hydrazine hydrate.
Repository requires a cool, ventilated, and placed with other drugs isolation. It should be used in anti-corrosive material, such as acid or acid-resistant ceramic cement shelf to place these drugs. Rack should not be too high, and do not put on an elevated, preferably on the floor near the wall, in order to ensure safe storage.
(2) Flammable class
Highly volatile flammable liquids into a gas, in case of fire that is burning, usually liquid flash point below 25 ℃ are included flammable class. Flash point below -4 ℃ by petroleum ether, ethyl chloride, ethyl bromide, ethyl ether, gasoline, carbon disulfide, acetal, acetone, benzene, ethyl acetate or methyl. Flash point below 25 ℃ butanone, toluene, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, xylene, butyl acetate, amyl acetate, trioxane, pyridine and the like.
Such agents require separate stored in a cool ventilated place, the ideal storage temperature is a 4 ~ 4 ℃. Reagent flash point below 25 ℃, the maximum storage temperature should not exceed 30 ℃, with particular attention away from fire.
(3) Class blasting
Such agents, the water is very violent reaction occurred combustion explosion potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, lithium aluminum hydride, and calcium carbide. Potassium and sodium should be kept in kerosene. Reagent itself is highly explosive dynamite or are nitrocellulose, picric acid, TNT, trinitrobenzene, azide or diazo compound, fulminate, etc., to gently. Contact with air can occur intense oxidation caused by the combustion of substances such as phosphorus, it should be kept in the water, cutting should be carried out in water. Low flash point, heat, shock, friction or contact with the oxidant can dramatically combustion or explosion substances, phosphorus sulfide, red phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, aluminum powder, naphthalene, camphor.
Such agents requires storage indoor temperature does not exceed 30 ℃, and combustible, oxidizing agents shall be stored in isolation. Rack with bricks and cement bricks, grooved, tank fire spread sand. Reagents to sand, covered, in case of an accident will not aggravate the situation.
(4) highly toxic
Specifically refers to the invasion of a very small amount from the digestive tract that can cause poisoning agents. Biological Test half-lethal dose in 5Omg / kg or less called toxic materials, such as potassium cyanide, sodium cyanide and other toxic cyanide, arsenic trioxide and other toxic arsenic, mercury dichloride, and other highly toxic mercury salts , dimethyl sulfate, and certain alkaloids and other toxic past.
Such agents are to be placed in a cool dry place, and acid reagents isolation. Shall be locked in a special drug cabinets, the establishment of double registration signature requisitioning system. Established use, consumption and waste disposal system. When skin wounds, prohibit the operation of such substances.
(5) Radioactive class
General laboratories can not have radioactive substances. Laboratory operations such substances require special protective equipment and knowledge in order to protect the personal safety and to prevent pollution, and the proliferation of radioactive material.
(6) Strong oxidants
Such agents are peroxides or oxygen-containing acids and salts thereof, may explode under the right conditions, can form an explosive mixture with organic matter, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, sulfur and other flammable solids. Some of these substances can react vigorously with water, such as water peroxide danger of explosion. Belong to this category of ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, magnesium perchlorate or barium, chromium trioxide, ammonium dichromate, potassium dichromate and other chromate , potassium permanganate and other permanganates, potassium chlorate, barium chlorate, ammonium persulfate, and other persulfates, sodium peroxide, potassium peroxide, barium peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, such as peracetic acid.
Cool and ventilated place storage requirements, the maximum temperature not exceeding 30 ℃. To and acids as well as wood, charcoal, sulfur compounds, sugars and other flammable, combustible or easily oxide (ie reducing substances) and other isolation, stacking should not be too high, pay attention to heat.
Above six categories are classified as dangerous goods.
(7) low-temperature storage class
Such agents that they will not need low-temperature storage polymerization deterioration or other accidents. Within this category include methyl methacrylate, styrene, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetylene and other polymerizable monomers, hydrogen peroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and the like.
Store in temperature below 10 ℃.
(8) indicator and organic reagents
Indicator can be acid-base indicator, redox indicator, complexometric titration and fluorescent indicator adsorption indicator classified order. How many number of carbon atoms arranged in a molecule may be an organic reagent.
(9) General reagents
General classification reagent stored in a cool, ventilated, temperature below 30 ℃ of the cabinet can be.
(10) precious class
Price expensive special reagents, ultrapure reagents and rare elements and their compounds belong to this category. Such agents are mostly small package. Such agents should be kept separate from the general agents, strengthen management, establish requisitioning system. Common palladium black, palladium chloride, platinum chloride, platinum, iridium, platinum asbestos, gold chloride, gold powder, rare earth elements and the like.